The summer Arctic sea ice is projected to disappear completely by the middle of the century in response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, according to simulations conducted with the latest global climate models. The decrease in summer Arctic sea ice extent is marked by periods of rapid ice loss, which are expected to become more frequent in the coming decades.

The role of land use change on global climate has generally been linked to biogeochemistry, as terrestrial ecosystems are the most uncertain part of the global carbon budget. Land restoration and afforestation to sequester carbon has also received much attention recently as possible natural-based solutions to global warming. Yet, changing our use of the land has consequences beyond carbon.

Dr. Essam Heggy is a Planetary Scientist at the Viterbi School of Engineering in the University of Southern California and a ROSETTA Co-Investigator at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Heggy’s research interests in space and planetary geophysics aim to understand water and ice distributions in Earth's arid regions, Mars, the Moon, icy satellites, and near-Earth objects.

Plasticity in biological traits is assumed crucial for allowing organisms to cope with heterogeneity of ecological resources in time and space. It is still unclear to what extent different types of plasticity may affect adaptive behaviours to colonize and thrive in landscapes under human-induced rapid environmental change.

Dr.

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Water security is a major issue in semi-arid and arid regions in which the hydrological cycle is adversely impacted by extensive anthropogenic and climatic changes. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms that underline the hydrologic alteration of rivers in these regions is a key to sustainable water resources management.