Child labor is considered to be a major concern among cocoa farm households. Studies have extensively documented the prevalence of child labor in the sector and evaluated how cocoa supply chains and farm household livelihoods shape child labor. Yet, the question to what extent cocoa production is a main driver of child labor has not been covered.

Natural vanillin extracted from cultivated vanilla pods is the most common flavour in the world, and the vanilla crop is crucial to Madagascar's socio-economy, providing a direct livelihood for over 80,000 families and representing the majority of the country's exports. However, local production has been threatened by fungal diseases since before 1932.

Climate change will exacerbate drought events in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for viticulture. In viticulture, the terroir governs the hydraulic behavior of the vine. The terroir is defined as the interactions between climate, soil, plant material (vine and rootstock varieties) and human management practices.

To promote sustainable agriculture in low- and middle-income countries, local certification schemes and participatory guarantee systems (PGS) have been promoted as inclusive mechanisms.

Roots are foraging for belowground resource acquisition through a diversity of root traits and interactions with the soil and soil biota, as well as with other plants. In addition, roots can release large amounts of exudates and considerably alter nutrient concentrations and soil pH, either themselves or through the stimulation of their microbiome.

Understanding spatial variation of soil processes across heterogeneous landscapes is important to constrain ecosystem processes.  In Santa Cruz island (Galapagos archipelago), we sampled several soil profiles and installed hydrometeorological stations along a climatic gradient in the protected area of the Galapagos National Parc and in the non-protected agricultural area.

Les phytopathogènes transmis par les insectes dépendent de l'abondance et du comportement de leurs vecteurs pour favoriser leur propagation. Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera : Aphididae) est le vecteur du Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV, genre Babuvirus). La relation hôte-parasite-vecteur est encore loin d'être élucidée.

Approximately 75% of the total area of harvested rice in the world is cultivated in the South and South-East Asian countries. However, these regions are facing both over-use of N fertilizers and salt intrusion from the sea into coastal area and river deltas.

The West-African monsoon system governs in the first order the annual cycle of rainfall over the Guinea Coast.